Cyril. In their writings they made extensive use of the formula "three substances (hypostases) in one essence (homoousia)", and thus explicitly acknowledged a distinction between the Father and the Son (a distinction that Nicea had been accused of blurring) but at the same time insisting on their essential unity. Alexander of Lycopolis ... Commentary on Galatians - Homilies on the Gospel of John - … The Cappadocian Fathers are Basil the Great (330–379), who was bishop of Caesarea; Basil's younger brother Gregory of Nyssa (c. 332 – 395), who was bishop of Nyssa; and a close friend, Gregory of Nazianzus (329–389), who became Patriarch of Constantinople. Irenaeus was bishop of Lugdunum in Gaul, which is now Lyon(s), France. [8] Augustine's work defined the start of the medieval worldview, an outlook that would later be firmly established by Pope Gregory the Great.[8]. When Rome fell and the faith of many Christians was shaken, Augustine wrote The City of God, in which he defended Christianity from pagan critics and developed the concept of the Church as a spiritual City of God, distinct from the material City of Man. Apologetic; II. In the past, when this date was occupied by the Octave Day of the Epiphany, his feast day was moved to 14 January. Augustine, a Latin Father and Doctor of the Church, is one of the most important figures in the development of Western Christianity. Volume I. Church policy … He also was a Christian apologist. Ephrem the Syrian (ca. The Visigothic legislation which resulted from these councils is regarded by modern historians as exercising an important influence on the beginnings of representative government. The Apostolic Fathers were Christian theologians who lived in the 1st and 2nd centuries AD, who are believed to have personally known some of the Twelve Apostles, or to have been significantly influenced by them. Friday, January 1, 2021 ... For reprint rights, write to: [email protected] The Catholic Thing is a forum for intelligent Catholic commentary. Sermon on the Mount, Harmony of the Gospels, Homilies on the Gospels, Volume VII. In addition to the Apostolic Fathers, famous Greek Fathers include: Justin Martyr, Irenaeus of Lyons, Clement of Alexandria, Athanasius of Alexandria, John Chrysostom, Cyril of Alexandria, the Cappadocian Fathers (Basil of Caesarea, Gregory Nazianzus, Gregory of Nyssa), Peter of Sebaste, Maximus the Confessor, and John of Damascus. Hilary of Poitiers (c. 300 – c. 368) was Bishop of Poitiers and is a Doctor of the Church. [clarification needed] He united Greek philosophical traditions with Christian doctrine and valued gnosis that with communion for all people could be held by common Christians. [32] Like Leander, he played a prominent role in the Councils of Toledo and Seville. Cyril of Alexandria (c. 378 – 444) was the Bishop of Alexandria when the city was at its height of influence and power within the Roman Empire. The First Epistle of Clement (c. 96),[8] is the earliest extant epistle from a Church Father. It also includes numerous apologetical inserts to assist the reader in understanding the Church's teachings on current issues. The work of Papias is dated by most modern scholars to about A.D. 95–120. 9. Many Protestant seminaries provide courses on patristics as part of their curriculum, and many historic Protestant churches emphasize the importance of tradition and of the fathers in scriptural interpretation. He was a notable early Christian apologist. However, the definition has widened as scholars of patristics, the study of the Church Fathers, have expanded their scope. UCC News Digest is a weekly digest of news and commentary from throughout the United Church of Christ. Theodoret, Jerome and Gennadius, Rufinus and Jerome, Volume IV. [citation needed] In the epistle, Clement calls on the Christians of Corinth to maintain harmony and order. [46] The Eastern Orthodox Church does not consider the age of Church Fathers to be over and includes later influential writers up to the present day. D&C 4 Commentary and Questions 306 – 373) was a Syriac deacon and a prolific Syriac-language hymnographer and theologian of the 4th century from the region of Syria. In this electronic edition of the Early Church Fathers series, the volumes have been carefully proofed and converted to ThML by CCEL staff and volunteers. He was an ascetic and celibate, and was almost definitely a son of the covenant (an early Syriac form of communal monasticism). [8] Irenaeus proposed that the Gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke and John all be accepted as canonical. Those fathers who wrote in Latin are called the Latin (Church) Fathers. [15] He was martyred, alongside some of his students, and is considered a saint by the Roman Catholic Church,[16] the Anglican Church,[17] the Eastern Orthodox Church,[18] and the Oriental Orthodox Churches. The patriarch of Alexandria at first supported Origen but later expelled him for being ordained without the patriarch's permission. Ante-Nicene Fathers. The collection of books consists of 10 volumes (last volume is the index) containing English translations of the majority of Early Christian writings. [14] Traditional advocates follow Eusebius of Caesarea in insisting that the apostolic connection of Polycarp was with John the Evangelist and that he was the author of the Gospel of John, and thus the Apostle John. READER COMMENTARY. In his early life, he was a civil servant and an aide to the Byzantine Emperor Heraclius. Only here at Church Militant. In his early life, Augustine read widely in Greco-Roman rhetoric and philosophy, including the works of Platonists such as Plotinus. The Cappadocians worked to bring these semi-Arians back to the Orthodox cause. He was a governor before becoming bishop. The city was already ancient by the time Paul arrived there around 49 CE (Acts 16:11-40). He is especially beloved in the Syriac Orthodox Church and in the Church of the East. He is recognised by the Roman Catholic Church as a Doctor of the Church. The Fathers of the Third Century, Gregory Thaumaturgus; Dinoysius the Great; Julius Africanus; Anatolius and Minor Writers; Methodius; Arnobius, Volume VII. Fathers of the Second Century, Hermas, Tatian, Theophilus, Athenagoras, Clement of Alexandria, Volume III. He was also a disciple of Polycarp. Him God has exalted to His right hand to be Prince and Savior, to give repentance to Israel and forgiveness of sins. Clement of Rome, Mathetes, Polycarp, Ignatius, Barnabas, Papias, Justin Martyr, Irenaeus. On the Priesthood, Ascetic Treatises, Select Homilies and Letters, Homilies on the Statutes, Volume X.   Homilies on the Gospel of St. Matthew, Volume XI. According to tradition, he was an Egyptian[19] who taught in Alexandria, reviving the Catechetical School where Clement had taught. Evening News premiers Monday, Feb. 8 at 6:30 p.m. Quintus Septimius Florens Tertullianus (c. 155 – c. 222), who was converted to Christianity before 197, was a prolific writer of apologetic, theological, controversial and ascetic works. Ethical, Volume IV. Therefore, the list is split into two tables. He also wrote in defense of the Roman See's authority, and inaugurated use of Latin in the Mass, instead of the Koine Greek that was still being used throughout the Church in the west in the liturgy. Eusebius adds that Papias was Bishop of Hierapolis around the time of Ignatius of Antioch. The options/possibilities for this John are John, the son of Zebedee, traditionally viewed as the author of the Gospel of John, or John the Presbyter. If you’d like to join our Facebook group, it is here. And we are His witnesses to these things, and so also is the Holy Spirit whom God has given to those who obey Him.” He is also regarded as a saint in the Church of the East, the Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church and among the Oriental Orthodox Churches, making him the last saint chronologically to be recognised by every apostolic Church. His many works—including The Confessions, which is often called the first Western autobiography—have been read continuously since his lifetime. Gregory is a Doctor of the Church and one of the four great Latin Fathers of the Church (the others being Ambrose, Augustine, and Jerome). The original Lutheran Augsburg Confession of 1530, for example, and the later Formula of Concord of 1576–1584, each begin with the mention of the doctrine professed by the Fathers of the First Council of Nicaea. He emphasized the necessity of the unity of Christians with their bishops, and also the authority of the Roman See, which he claimed was the source of "priestly unity"'. [41][42][43][44] His works are hailed by Christians throughout the world, and many denominations venerate him as a saint. Sulpitius Severus, Vincent of Lerins, John Cassian, Volume XII. [11], Ignatius of Antioch (also known as Theophorus) (c. 35 – c. 110)[12] was the third bishop of Antioch and a student of the Apostle John. The study of the Church Fathers is known as patristics. Socrates: Church History from A.D. 305-438; Sozomenus: Church History from A.D. 323-425, Volume III. The following is a list of Christian Church Fathers. And there is a time for every event under heaven ~ 2 A time to give birth, and a time to die; A time to plant, and a time to uproot what is planted. Volume 3, Psalms to Isaiah, 1802. Pope Damasus I (305–384) was active in defending the Catholic Church against the threat of schisms. Polycarp of Smyrna (c. 69 – c. 155) was a Christian bishop of Smyrna (now İzmir in Turkey). St. John Henry Newman. These were works of practical theology for the edification of the church in troubled times. Volume 2, Joshua to Job, 1801. In two Roman synods (368 and 369) he condemned the heresies of Apollinarianism and Macedonianism, and sent legates (papal representatives) to the First Council of Constantinople that was convoked in 381 to address these heresies. Jerome: Letters and Select Works, Volume VII. Jerome's edition of the Bible, the Vulgate, is still an important text of Catholicism. However, he gave up this life in the political sphere to enter into the monastic life. The Fathers of the Third and Fourth Centuries, Lactantius, Venantius, Asterius, Victorinus, Dionysius, Apostolic Teaching and Constitutions, Homily, Liturgies, The Twelve Patriarchs, Excerpts and Epistles, The Clementia, Apocrypha, Decretals, Memoirs of Edessa and Syriac Documents, Remains of the First Ages, Volume IX. A Map of Philippi and Surrounding Regions The City of Philippi and the Origin of the Church There The city of Philippi, as one can see from the map, is located in north eastern Greece (Macedonia). Kelly writes: “Ignatius roundly declares that . [39] He framed the concepts of original sin and just war as they are understood in the West. [8] Like Plotinus, he wrote that the soul passes through successive stages before incarnation as a human and after death, eventually reaching God. Opinions expressed by writers are solely their own. [8] Polycarp is recognized as a saint in both the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches. For the book, see, Group of ancient and influential Christian theologians and writers. His writings were formative in the early development of Christian theology, and he is recognized as a saint by both the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church. [4], In the Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox Church traditions there are four Fathers each who are called the "Great Church Fathers":[5][6]. Among them are Paul of Thebes, Anthony the Great and Pachomius. [26][27] Patristic scholars such as Robert L Wilken point out that applying modern understandings of antisemitism back to Chrysostom is anachronistic due to his use of the Psogos. The Fathers of the Third Century, Tertullian Part IV; Minucius Felix; Commodian; Origen, Volume V.   The Fathers of the Third Century, Hippolytus; Cyprian; Caius; Novatian; Appendix, Volume VI. He is also known as Gregorius Dialogus (Gregory the Dialogist) in Eastern Orthodoxy because of the Dialogues he wrote. He wrote that human beings are like little fish. We hope you enjoy these and they enrich your study! Irenaeus wrote that the only way for Christians to retain unity was to humbly accept one doctrinal authority—episcopal councils. [13] He is the second after Clement to mention Paul's epistles.[8]. The story of his martyrdom describes how the fire built around him would not burn him, and that when he was stabbed to death, so much blood issued from his body that it quenched the flames around him. In his Apologeticus, he was the first Latin author who qualified Christianity as the vera religio, and systematically relegated the classical Roman Empire religion and other accepted cults to the position of mere "superstitions". Later in life, Tertullian joined the Montanists, a heretical sect that appealed to his rigorism. And if you were looking for last week’s lesson (JSH 1:1-26) it’s here. Athanasius: Select Writings and Letters, Volume V.   Gregory of Nyssa: Dogmatic Treatises; Select Writings and Letters, Volume VI. Rather, Orthodox doctrine is determined by the consensus of the Holy Fathers—those points on which they do agree. Homilies on the Gospel of St. John and the Epistle to the Hebrews, Volume I.   Eusebius: Church History from A.D. 1-324, Life of Constantine the Great, Oration in Praise of Constantine, Volume II. Many of their, usually short, sayings are collected in the Apophthegmata Patrum ("Sayings of the Desert Fathers"). Homilies on the Acts of the Apostles and the Epistle to the Romans, Volume XII. He was a near contemporary to the slightly younger Ephrem the Syrian, but the latter lived within the sphere of the Roman Empire. Catholicism. From the Church’s early days, the Fathers referred to Christ’s presence in the Eucharist. Cyril of Jerusalem, Gregory Nazianzen, Volume VIII. Includes the Catholic Encyclopedia, Church Fathers, Summa, Bible and more — all for only $19.99... Alexander of Alexandria [SAINT] - Epistles on the Arian Heresy and the Deposition of Arius. A polymath whose fields of interest and contribution included law, theology, philosophy, and music, before being ordained, he served as a chief administrator to the Muslim caliph of Damascus, wrote works expounding the Christian faith, and composed hymns which are still in use in Eastern Christian monasteries. Subsequent to the First Council of Nicea, Arianism did not simply disappear. The Archdiocese of Baltimore should match a Bolton Hill church's plan to provide $500,000 to help offset the lingering effects of slavery. His feast day is celebrated twice during the year: on 21 January and on 13 August. Origen, or Origen Adamantius (c. 185 – c. 254) was a scholar and theologian. His title of Confessor means that he suffered for the faith, but not to the point of death, and thus is distinguished from a martyr. The name Papias was very common in the region, suggesting that he was probably a native of the area. This consensus guides the church in questions of dogma, the correct interpretation of scripture, and to distinguish the authentic sacred tradition of the Church from false teachings.[47]. Leo the Great, Gregory the Great, Volume XIII. The Thirty-nine Articles of the Church of England, both the original of 1562-1571 and the American version of 1801, explicitly accept the Nicene Creed in Article VII. Early Christian Writings is the most complete collection of Christian texts before the Council of Nicaea in 325 AD. At a time of disintegration of classical culture and aristocratic violence and illiteracy, he was involved in the conversion of the royal Visigothic Arians to Catholicism, both assisting his brother Leander of Seville and continuing after his brother's death. [8] He imagined even demons being reunited with God. The first three, Clement, Ignatius and Polycarp, are considered the chief ones. At the First Council of Nicaea (325), Athanasius argued against the Arian doctrine that Christ is of a distinct substance from the Father.[8]. The Desert Fathers were early monastics living in the Egyptian desert; although they did not write as much, their influence was also great. Even when a particular Protestant confessional formula does not mention the Nicene Council or its creed, its doctrine is nonetheless always asserted, as, for example, in the Presbyterian Westminster Confession of 1647. His optional memorial in the Roman Catholic calendar of saints is 13 January. The City of God, Christian Doctrine, Volume III. Homilies on the Gospel of John, Homilies on the First Epistle of John, Soliloquies, Volume IX. Volume II. His Life of the Virgin is thought to be the earliest complete biography of Mary, the mother of Jesus. About the Author; He offered a new perspective on the theory of atonement. For Origen, God was not Yahweh but the First Principle, and Christ, the Logos, was subordinate to him. He was born in North Africa, probably at the beginning of the 3rd century, perhaps at Carthage, where he received an excellent classical (pagan) education. In this electronic edition of the Early Church Fathers series, the volumes They made major contributions to the definition of the Trinity finalized at the First Council of Constantinople in 381 and the final version of the Nicene Creed. Those of the First Council of Nicaea and continuing through the Second Council of Nicea (787) are collected in Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers. He is remembered for his role in the conflict with Arianism and for his affirmation of the Trinity. Justin Martyr was an early Christian apologist, and is regarded as the foremost interpreter of the theory of the Logos in the 2nd century. Bible Commentary Books. Remarks on the words "Pope" and "Patriarch" in the Christian religion and on the word "Kohen" used by the Jews", "Justin the Philosopher & Martyr and his Companions", "Commentary on Song of Songs; Letter on the Soul; Letter on Ascesis and the Monastic Life", https://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p3s2c2a7.htm, https://catholicexchange.com/st-john-chrysostom-pope-francis-common, https://sojo.net/articles/what-st-john-chrysostom-can-teach-us-about-social-justice, Church Fathers at the Patristics In English Project Site, The Fathers, the Scholastics, and Ourselves by von Balthasar. [21][22] Prior to this, he was not considered heretical. Augustine was born in present-day Algeria to a Christian mother, Monica of Hippo. So popular were his works, that, for centuries after his death, Christian authors wrote hundreds of pseudepigraphal works in his name. Cyril's reputation within the Christian world has resulted in his titles "Pillar of Faith" and "Seal of all the Fathers". [t]he bread is the flesh of Jesus, the cup his blood. Roman Catholics generally regard the Patristic period to have closed with the death of John of Damascus, a Doctor of the Church, in 749.However, Orthodox Christians believe that the Patristic period is ongoing. If you have a suggestion for UCC News coverage, please send to Connie Larkman at [email protected]. Autocephaly or autonomy is not universally recognized. The early Church Fathers compared the observance of the Sabbath to the observance of the rite of circumcision, and from that they demonstrated that if the apostles abolished circumcision (Gal. His best-known book, Against Heresies (c.180) he enumerated heresies and attacked them. There is no definitive list. Indeed, all the later medieval history-writing of Hispania (the Iberian Peninsula, comprising modern Spain and Portugal) was based on his histories. ET. The semi-Arians taught that the Son is of like substance with the Father (homoiousios), as against the outright Arians who taught that the Son was unlike the Father (heterousian). catena aurea commentary on the four gospels, collected out of the works of the fathers by s. thomas aquinas. st. matthew oxford, john henry parker; j. g. f. and j. … Writings from the church fathers at www.goarch.com. [7] Their writings, though popular in Early Christianity, were ultimately not included in the canon of the New Testament once it reached its final form. Though much Protestant religious thought is based on sola scriptura (the principle that the Bible itself is the ultimate authority in doctrinal matters),[citation needed] the first Protestant reformers, like the Catholic and Orthodox churches, used the theological interpretations of scripture set forth by the early Church Fathers. A few Church Fathers wrote in Syriac; many of their works were also widely translated into Latin and Greek. It is recorded that he had been a disciple of "John". [8] His views of a hierarchical structure in the Trinity, the temporality of matter, "the fabulous preexistence of souls", and "the monstrous restoration which follows from it" were declared anathema in the 6th century. Here are the complete Ante-Nicene works subtitled “The Writings of the Fathers Down to A.D. 325” – about 11.000 pages. Recently Discovered Additions to Early Christian Literature; Commentaries of Origen, The Gospel of Peter, The Diatessaron of Tatian, The Apocalypse of Peter, The Visio Pauli, The Apocalypses of the Virgin and Sedrach, The Testament of Abraham, The Acts of Xanthippe and Polyxena, The Narrative of Zosimus, The Apology of Aristides, The Epistles of Clement (Complete Text), Origen's Commentary on John, Books I-X, Origen's Commentary on Mathew, Books I, II, and X-XIV, Volume X.   Bibliographic Synopsis; General Index [not reproduced], Volume I.   Prolegomena: St. Augustine's Life and Work, Confessions, Letters, Volume II. The ACCS is a postcritical revival of the early commentary tradition known as the glossa ordinaria, a text artfully elaborated with ancient and authoritative reflections and insights. Maximus is venerated in both Eastern Christianity and Western Christianity. En route to his martyrdom in Rome, Ignatius wrote a series of letters which have been preserved. ... From the Ante Nicean Fathers Volume 1, page 52) ii. Called the Persian Sage (Syriac: ܚܟܝܡܐ ܦܪܣܝܐ‎, ḥakkîmâ p̄ārsāyā), Aphrahat witnesses to the concerns of the early church beyond the eastern boundaries of the Roman Empire. [8] Like Origen, he arose from Catechetical School of Alexandria and was well versed in pagan literature.[8]. Autocephalous Churches who are officially part of the communion: John Chrysostom and the Jews: Rhetoric and Reality in the Late 4th Century, by Robert L. Wilken (University of California Press: Berkeley, 1983), p. 112. From Ante-Nicene Fathers, Vol. Ephrem wrote a wide variety of hymns, poems, and sermons in verse, as well as prose biblical exegesis. He was the first of the popes from a monastic background. James Nisbet's Church Pulpit Commentary. 3 A time to kill, and a time to heal; A time to tear down, and a time to build up. List of Christian women of the patristic age, "Who are the Fathers of the Church? He is counted as one of the four original doctors of the Church. A Commentary on the Holy Bible, six complete volumes (1801-1803), is an indepth look at the Old and New Testaments, with the following print volumes combined into the commentary here: Volume 1, Genesis to Deuteronomy, 1801. have been carefully proofed and converted to ThML by CCEL staff and volunteers. In the Catholic Church, they are also collectively called the "Eight Doctors of the Church",[5] and in the Eastern Orthodox Church, three of them (Basil of Caesarea, Gregory of Nazianzus and John Chrysostom) are honored as the "Three Holy Hierarchs".

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